Chemical communication plays a key role in amphibian behavior, but it remains poorly studied in caecilians—secretive, burrowing amphibians that rely heavily on olfaction. Prakash et al. (2026) tested whether a terrestrial Indian caecilian (Gegeneophis sp.) can recognize its own scent using a Y-maze experiment. Individuals showed a clear preference for their own chemical cues over a blank control, indicating self-recognition mediated by olfaction. This finding is notable given caecilians' reduced vision and specialized chemosensory tentacles linked to the vomeronasal system. As only the second study to demonstrate olfactory self-recognition in caecilians—and the first in a soil-dwelling species—this work highlights the importance of chemical cues in caecilian behavior and expands our understanding of sensory ecology in this understudied group.

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